HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT BÀI

Employees & silk factories (England and Wales, 1851–1901)

1. Giải thích đề

Bảng cho thấy số lượng lao động (nam, nữ, tổng) và số nhà máy sản xuất tơ lụa tại England & Wales từ 1851 đến 1901.

→ Dạng: time series \+ nhiều biến

2. Introduction (paraphrase)

Giữ: number of employees – factories – silk production – England & Wales – period
Dùng:
shows → illustrates / presents
between → over the period from … to …

3. Overview (ý chính)

Tổng lao động giảm mạnh theo thời gian
Nữ luôn nhiều hơn nam
Factories tăng mạnh rồi giảm nhẹ về cuối

4. Chia BODY

BODY 1 – Employees (main trend)

Total: giảm liên tục (130k → 38k)
Male: giảm mạnh nhất
Female: cũng giảm nhưng luôn cao hơn nam

→ Ý: ngành suy giảm lao động, đặc biệt là nam

BODY 2 – Factories \+ chi tiết đáng chú ý

Factories: tăng mạnh (272 → 761) rồi giảm (→ 623)
1891: slight rise ở male (khác trend chung)

→ Ý: số nhà máy không giảm đồng bộ với lao động

5. Gợi ý từ vựng

decline sharply → giảm mạnh
remain higher than → luôn cao hơn
peak at → đạt đỉnh
fluctuate → dao động
overall downward trend → xu hướng giảm chung

Ví dụ:

The number of employees declined sharply over the period.
Female workers consistently outnumbered males.
The number of factories peaked in 1861 before falling gradually.

The table compares the number of male and female employees, total workers, and silk factories in England and Wales between 1851 and 1901.

Overall, the number of employees declined substantially over the period, while the number of factories initially increased before falling slightly. Women consistently made up a larger proportion of the workforce than men.

In 1851, there were 130,750 workers in total, including 53,964 men and 76,786 women, working across 272 factories. Over the next two decades, total employment dropped steadily to 91,412 in 1871, with both male and female figures decreasing, although women remained the majority. By 1881, the workforce had fallen further to 67,904, and this downward trend continued to 49,025 in 1891 and just 38,942 by 1901.

In contrast, the number of factories rose sharply from 272 in 1851 to a peak of 761 in 1861, before declining gradually to 623 by 1901. Despite the reduction in factories after 1861, their number remained significantly higher than at the beginning of the period, even as employment levels continued to fall.

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