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IELTS Writing Task 1 – Employment by Gender (1993 vs 2003)

1. Giải thích đề

Bảng cho biết tỷ lệ nam và nữ làm việc trong 6 ngành ở 2 năm: 1993 và 2003.

Trọng tâm: so sánh theo giới \+ thay đổi theo thời gian.

2. Định hướng viết Introduction

Paraphrase với 4 ý: tỷ lệ lao động – nam & nữ – 6 ngành – 2 năm
Đổi từ:
table → compares / shows
employment → employment / workforce
Viết 1 câu, không số

3. Định hướng viết Overview

Nam chiếm ưu thế ở Manufacturing, Building, IT, Farming
Nữ chiếm ưu thế ở Services và Commerce
Xu hướng chung: nam giảm nhẹ ở nhiều ngành, nữ tăng ở một số lĩnh vực

4. Phân chia BODY rõ ràng

BODY 1 – Male

Giảm: Manufacturing (55 → 52), Building (68 → 60), IT (80 → 70), Farming (75 → 65)
Tăng: Commerce (45 → 50), Services tăng mạnh (14 → 40)

→ Nhấn mạnh: giảm ở ngành truyền thống, tăng ở dịch vụ

BODY 2 – Female

Tăng: Manufacturing (45 → 48), Building (32 → 40), IT (20 → 30), Farming (25 → 35)
Giảm: Services (86 → 60), Commerce giảm nhẹ (55 → 50)

→ Nhấn mạnh: dịch chuyển khỏi services sang các ngành khác

5. Gợi ý Paraphrasing

percentage → proportion
increase → rise
decrease → decline
dominate → account for the majority

Ví dụ:

chiếm ưu thế → accounted for a higher proportion
tăng đáng kể → rose significantly

The table compares the percentages of men and women working in six sectors in 1993 and 2003.

Overall, men dominated manufacturing, building, IT and farming, while women were more prevalent in services and initially in commerce. Over time, gender gaps narrowed in several sectors, particularly services and building.

In 1993, male participation was highest in IT (80%) and farming (75%), followed by building (68%) and manufacturing (55%). By contrast, women were heavily concentrated in services at 86%, while their shares in building (32%) and IT (20%) were much lower. Commerce was the only sector where women outnumbered men, at 55% compared to 45%.

By 2003, male proportions declined in most traditionally male-dominated sectors, including building (60%), IT (70%) and farming (65%), while women’s participation increased in these areas, notably in building (40%) and farming (35%). In services, the gender gap narrowed significantly as the figure for women fell to 60% while the male share rose sharply to 40%. In commerce, both genders reached an equal level of 50%, and manufacturing showed only minor changes for both groups.

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