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Pie charts: Total school spending (1981, 1991, 2001)

1. Giải thích đề

Ba biểu đồ tròn cho thấy cách phân bổ chi tiêu của trường học vào 5 hạng mục trong các năm 1981, 1991 và 2001.

→ Dạng: multiple pie charts (so sánh theo thời gian)

2. Introduction (paraphrase)

Giữ các từ khóa:

total school spending

five categories

three years

Có thể dùng:

shows → illustrates / compares

spending → expenditure

Mẫu:

The pie charts illustrate how total school spending was distributed across five categories in 1981, 1991 and 2001.

3. Overview (ý chính)

Teachers’ salaries luôn chiếm tỷ trọng lớn nhất

Insurance tăng đáng kể theo thời gian

Furniture and equipment biến động mạnh

Resources và other workers’ salaries có xu hướng giảm

Từ khóa nên dùng:

accounted for the largest share

increased significantly

fluctuated

declined overall

4. Chia BODY

BODY 1 – Teachers’ salaries & Insurance

Teachers’ salaries:

1981: 40% → 1991: 50% → 2001: 45%

→ luôn cao nhất, tăng rồi giảm nhẹ

Insurance:

1981: 2% → 1991: 3% → 2001: 8%

→ tăng đều và rõ rệt

Ý chính: chi cho giáo viên chiếm ưu thế, trong khi bảo hiểm tăng dần theo thời gian

BODY 2 – Các hạng mục còn lại

Furniture and equipment:

15% → 5% → 23%

→ giảm mạnh rồi tăng mạnh

Resources (books):

15% → 20% → 9%

→ tăng rồi giảm

Other workers’ salaries:

28% → 22% → 15%

→ giảm liên tục

Ý chính: các khoản chi còn lại có xu hướng biến động hoặc giảm theo thời gian

5. Gợi ý từ vựng

account for

make up

increase steadily

decline gradually

fluctuate significantly

remain the largest proportion

Ví dụ:

Teachers’ salaries accounted for the largest proportion in all three years.

Insurance increased steadily over the period.

Spending on furniture and equipment fluctuated significantly.

Other workers’ salaries showed a gradual decline.

The three pie charts illustrate how total school spending was allocated across five categories—insurance, teachers’ salaries, furniture and equipment, resources, and other workers’ salaries—in 1981, 1991, and 2001.

Overall, teachers’ salaries consistently accounted for the largest share of expenditure in all three years. In contrast, spending on insurance remained the smallest proportion, although it increased over time. Other categories showed noticeable fluctuations.

In 1981, teachers’ salaries dominated at 40%, followed by other workers’ salaries at 28%. Furniture and equipment and resources each accounted for 15%, while insurance represented only 2%. By 1991, the proportion spent on teachers’ salaries had risen significantly to 50%, whereas spending on furniture and equipment dropped sharply to just 5%. Meanwhile, resources increased slightly to 20%, and other workers’ salaries declined to 22%, with insurance edging up to 3%.

By 2001, teachers’ salaries decreased slightly to 45% but remained the largest category. Spending on furniture and equipment rebounded markedly to 23%, becoming the second-largest expense. In contrast, resources fell to 9%, and other workers’ salaries dropped further to 15%. Insurance, although still the smallest category, increased notably to 8%.

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