HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT BÀI

Pie charts: Electricity production sources (India, Sweden, Morocco, Vietnam)

1. Giải thích đề

Bốn biểu đồ tròn cho thấy tỷ lệ sản xuất điện từ ba nguồn (fossil fuel, hydro power, nuclear power) ở bốn quốc gia: Ấn Độ, Thụy Điển, Morocco và Việt Nam.

→ Dạng: pie charts – so sánh nhiều đối tượng cùng thời điểm

2. Introduction (paraphrase)

Giữ các từ khóa:

electricity production

different sources

four countries

Có thể dùng:

shows → illustrates / compares

sources → types

Mẫu:

The pie charts illustrate the proportions of electricity production from different sources in four countries.

3. Overview (ý chính)

Fossil fuel chiếm ưu thế ở Ấn Độ và Việt Nam

Hydro power là nguồn chính ở Morocco và Sweden

Nuclear power chỉ đáng kể ở Sweden và rất thấp hoặc không có ở các nước còn lại

→ xu hướng: các quốc gia có cơ cấu năng lượng rất khác nhau

4. BODY 1 – India & Vietnam

India:

Fossil fuel: 82% → cao nhất

Hydro: 14%

Nuclear: 4%

Vietnam:

Fossil fuel: 56% → cao nhất

Hydro: 44%

Nuclear: 0%

→ Ý chính: hai nước phụ thuộc nhiều vào fossil fuel

5. BODY 2 – Sweden & Morocco

Sweden:

Hydro: 52% → cao nhất

Nuclear: 44%

Fossil fuel: 4%

Morocco:

Hydro: 95% → áp đảo

Fossil fuel: 5%

Nuclear: 0%

→ Ý chính: Sweden đa dạng hơn, Morocco phụ thuộc gần như hoàn toàn vào hydro

6. Gợi ý từ vựng

account for

make up

dominate

be the primary source

have a negligible share

be heavily reliant on

The four pie charts illustrate the proportions of electricity generated from fossil fuels, hydro power and nuclear power in India, Sweden, Morocco and Vietnam between 2003 and 2008.

Overall, the dominant energy source varied markedly across countries. Fossil fuels accounted for the vast majority of electricity production in India and Vietnam, whereas hydro power was the primary source in Morocco and Sweden. Nuclear energy was only significant in Sweden and made a negligible or non-existent contribution in the other countries.

In India, electricity generation was heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which made up 82% of total production. Hydro power contributed a relatively small share at 14%, while nuclear energy accounted for just 4%. A similar reliance on fossil fuels can be seen in Vietnam, although to a lesser extent, with 56% of electricity derived from this source. The remaining 44% came entirely from hydro power, with no contribution from nuclear energy.

By contrast, Morocco relied almost exclusively on hydro power, which represented 95% of its electricity generation. Fossil fuels made up only 5%, and nuclear power was not used at all. Sweden displayed the most balanced energy mix among the four countries. Hydro power was the largest contributor at 52%, followed closely by nuclear energy at 44%, while fossil fuels accounted for a minimal 4%.

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