HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT BÀI (2 BIỂU ĐỒ KẾT HỢP)

1. Phân tích đề

Biểu đồ gồm 2 line graphs:

1. % hộ gia đình sở hữu thiết bị điện (washing machine, refrigerator, vacuum cleaner)

2. Số giờ làm việc nhà mỗi tuần

→ Dạng: mixed trends \+ relationship (cause–effect)

2. Introduction

The two line graphs illustrate the percentage of households owning three electrical appliances and the average number of hours of housework per week between 1920 and 2019.

3. Overview (QUAN TRỌNG)

Ownership of appliances increased significantly overall
Housework hours decreased dramatically
→ Clear inverse relationship (thiết bị ↑ → việc nhà ↓)

4. Body 1 – Appliances

Refrigerator:

tăng mạnh nhất: 0% → 100% (2000)
gần như phổ cập hoàn toàn

Vacuum cleaner:

tăng đều: 30% → 100% (2000–2019)

Washing machine:

tăng nhưng có fluctuation
từ 40% → \~70%, giảm nhẹ năm 1980 rồi tăng lại

→ key: not all lines are perfectly linear

5. Body 2 – Housework hours

giảm liên tục: 50h → 10h/tuần
giảm mạnh nhất giai đoạn 1920–1960
sau đó giảm chậm hơn

→ strong downward trend

The charts illustrate the proportion of households owning three electrical appliances (washing machines, refrigerators and vacuum cleaners) from 1920 to 2019, alongside the average weekly hours of housework over the same period.

Overall, ownership of all appliances increased substantially, with refrigerators and vacuum cleaners becoming almost universal by the end of the period. In contrast, the amount of time spent on housework declined dramatically.

Refrigerator ownership rose most sharply, from virtually 0% in 1920 to around 90% in 1960, reaching full penetration by 2000 and remaining at that level in 2019. Vacuum cleaner ownership also grew steadily, from about 30% in 1920 to 70% in 1960, before reaching 100% by 2000. Washing machines followed a more moderate trend, increasing from 40% in 1920 to roughly 70% in 1960, dipping slightly to just over 60% in 1980, and then rising again to approximately 75% in 2019.

Meanwhile, the number of hours of housework per household fell consistently. It dropped from around 50 hours per week in 1920 to 35 hours in 1940, and then to 20 hours in 1960. After a smaller decline to about 15 hours in 1980, the figure remained stable in 2000 before decreasing further to just 10 hours per week by 2019.

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