HƯỚNG DẪN VIẾT BÀI

Nitrogen Oxide Emissions by Four Types of Vehicles at Different Speeds

1\. Giải thích đề

Biểu đồ đường thể hiện lượng khí thải nitrogen oxide (g/km) của 4 loại phương tiện:

Diesel car
Petrol car
Lorries
Buses

theo tốc độ (10–130 kph)

→ Dạng: line graph (comparison \+ no time, but continuous variable)

2\. Introduction

The line graph compares the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions, measured in grams per kilometre, produced by four types of vehicles at different speeds.

3\. Overview

Diesel cars luôn thải nhiều nhất
Buses luôn thấp nhất
Diesel và petrol giảm đến khoảng 60 kph rồi tăng lại
Lorries và buses biến động nhẹ, khá ổn định

→ Key trends:

U-shaped trend (diesel & petrol)
slight fluctuation (lorries & buses)
clear ranking maintained

4\. Cách chia BODY

→ Chia theo mức độ và xu hướng:

Body 1: Diesel \+ Petrol (biến động mạnh, cùng pattern)
Body 2: Lorries \+ Buses (ít biến động)

BODY 1

Diesel cars:

bắt đầu cao (\~38 g/km)
giảm xuống đáy khoảng 25 (60 kph)
sau đó tăng mạnh lên \~40+

→ decrease → increase (clear U-shape)

Petrol cars:

giảm đều từ \~32 xuống \~20
chạm đáy khoảng 90 kph (\~17)
sau đó tăng nhẹ

→ overall decline then slight recovery

BODY 2

Lorries:

giảm nhẹ từ \~12 xuống \~10
sau đó tăng lại đến \~13

→ minor fluctuation

Buses:

giảm từ \~8 xuống \~5
sau đó gần như ổn định

→ slight decline then stable

5\. Từ vựng ăn điểm

peak at
reach a low of
decline gradually
increase steadily
remain relatively stable
fluctuate slightly
follow a similar pattern

The line graph illustrates the amount of nitrogen oxide emissions produced by four types of vehicles—diesel cars, petrol cars, lorries and buses—at different speeds ranging from 10 to 130 kph.

Overall, diesel cars emitted the highest levels of nitrogen oxide across all speeds, while buses consistently produced the lowest. Emissions from diesel and petrol cars generally decreased as speed increased up to around 60–90 kph, before rising again. In contrast, lorries and buses showed relatively minor fluctuations throughout.

At low speeds (10 kph), diesel cars emitted approximately 38 g/km, compared to around 33 g/km for petrol cars. These figures declined steadily, reaching their lowest points at about 26 g/km (diesel) and 21 g/km (petrol) at 60 kph. After this, emissions from both vehicle types increased again, with diesel cars rising sharply to roughly 40 g/km at 130 kph, and petrol cars climbing more moderately to about 24 g/km.

Lorries started at around 12 g/km and decreased slightly to about 10 g/km at mid-range speeds, before gradually increasing again to approximately 12–13 g/km at the highest speeds. Similarly, buses emitted the least, beginning at about 8 g/km and falling to around 5 g/km at 60 kph, after which emissions remained relatively stable with only a slight upward trend towards 6 g/km by 130 kph.

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